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实体建模

实体建模是三维实体对象的计算机建模。实体建模的目的是确保所有表面的几何形状正确无误。

它被认为是计算机辅助设计(CAD)中最复杂的元素,因为 CAD 软件需要从内部和外部模拟物体。

简而言之,实体建模可实现数字 3D 模型的设计、创建、可视化和动画制作。

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CAD环境中的实体建模技术

实体建模可以从任何二维或三维设计开始,例如线框或草图,或者从一个基本的几何形状开始,如立方体、球体、圆锥或圆柱体。

随后,你可以创建出任何你所能想象的物体的三维模型。

听起来很简单,对吧?……但事实并非如此。

实体建模真正的复杂性在于其参数化功能和多样的操作。实体建模允许设计师通过“减去”等多种操作来操纵和转换这些基本实体形状,同时保持它们的“实体性”。

例如,“减去”就是在保持原始结构不变的前提下,对模型的一个或多个特征进行修改,比如在物体上钻孔。

为此,我们使用如SolidWorks和AutoCAD等CAD软件,这些软件是具有代表性的建模系统。

但是,这些软件的后台究竟在进行什么操作呢?


实体建模的数学基础

在三维设计中,实体建模承担了所有繁重的计算工作。它可以自动计算那些手工难以完成的工程方程。

考虑到软件的预期用途,实体建模软件必须以极高的精度来表示机械几何形状。

当设计的每个方面都以方程表达时,能够轻松求解复杂的数学问题就显得尤为重要,而这正是实体建模的优势所在。

如果一家汽车制造商想要打造一辆具有完美空气动力学特性的一级方程式赛车,就必须确保概念设计中确定的尺寸能在设计软件中得到准确体现。

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想象一下,如果超级跑车在制造时每个角度仅有几毫米的偏差,会是怎样的情形。

没有这种数学精度,就不可能制造出一个连贯的物体。实体建模及其强大的计算能力使这一切无缝实现。

1

欧几里得空间

每个具有有限尺寸和明确边界的设计组件基本上都需要一个可以以“有形”方式表达设计的空间。

欧几里得空间是一个通过数学方法创建的环境,在其中可以添加、移除和修改部件。
 
本质上,空间是一个理论背景,在这个背景中,一组点(或顶点)可以通过它们的坐标连接起来,从而创建出一个三维图像。

这实际上就是创建初始线框设计的过程。

实体对象的重要元素

与线框和 曲面建模相比,实体建模还有以下四个区别特征:

  • 完整性 - 将建模环境中对象的各个点分类为内部和外部,从而更准确地表示对象及其表面。
  • 有效性 → 顶点、面和边被正确连接,以确保获得对象的完整视图
  • 无歧义 → 对象的每个设计方面都有唯一的解释。(这意味着设计中具有确定性和清晰性,你知道它实际会是什么样子。)
  • 实体 → 由几何和拓扑数据组成(重量、形状、尺寸、节点/边/面之间的连接性)。

实际应用

实体建模最初是作为加工和装配的规划与验证工具而创建的,但现在已应用于许多其他行业。

3D建模软件不再仅限于工程师使用。

它不仅用于产品设计,还应用于室内设计、3D打印以及游戏、电影等其他媒体。

正如开源建模软件的普及所表明的,实体建模和3D软件的未来才刚刚开始。

了解我们的解决方案

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三维建模

我们很自豪能够与 ACIS 一起率先开发几何内核。如今,我们提供的解决方案可满足您的三维几何表示需求。无论您需要连续还是离散的 B-Rep 建模器,我们都能为您的特定应用需求提供解决方案。

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3D 互操作性

作为首家提供 CAD 互操作性 SDK 的公司,我们现在提供业界领先的解决方案,用于翻译数据和读取主要 CAD 文件及元数据。让您的客户能够像在自己的应用程序中创建数据一样使用导入的 3D 数据,或将数据导出为各种 CAD 格式。

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使用我们的三维可视化 SDK 创建高性能、交互式可视化。HOOPS 解决方案可让您利用业内最强大、最便携和最完整的图形开发组件来创建 3D 应用程序。

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使用我们的 CAE 网格绘制 SDK,提高仿真的精度和性能。体验自动、可靠的网格划分控制,确保为任何 CAE 工作流程提供准确、高性能的仿真。

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